{"id":6345,"date":"2025-03-12T19:05:32","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T18:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/?p=6345"},"modified":"2026-02-07T14:54:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-07T13:54:44","slug":"hominidos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/hominidos\/","title":{"rendered":"Hom\u00ednidos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbFondo Men\u00fa\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ffcc00&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb0px||20px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||true|false\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbIntroducci\u00f3n\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; background_enable_color=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb27px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb37px||||false|false\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||10px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_post_title meta=\u00bboff\u00bb featured_image=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|600||on|||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb70px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||10px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbslide\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb50px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb title_text_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset1&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; header_4_font=\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00bb header_4_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#ffcc00&#8243; header_4_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.4em\u00bb background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb11px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_4_text_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset1&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb header_4_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|hover\u00bb text_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>George Robert Gray, 1825<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00bb#999999&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbSeparador\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-20px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbslide\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||10px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbTexto\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; text_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; ul_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; ul_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb ul_line_height=\u00bb1.8em\u00bb background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.7em\u00bb text_line_height_phone=\u00bb1.6em\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb ul_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb ul_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb ul_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb ul_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.7em\u00bb ul_line_height_phone=\u00bb1.6em\u00bb ul_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4309 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/margen-huella.png\" alt=\"Hom\u00ednidos\" width=\"30\" height=\"50\" \/><\/h2>\n<p>Los Hom\u00ednidos (Hominidae) constituyen una familia de primates hominoideos que agrupa cuatro g\u00e9neros y ocho especies actuales, entre las que se encuentran los seres humanos, los orangutanes, los gorilas, los chimpanc\u00e9s y los bonobos. En la clasificaci\u00f3n tradicional, el t\u00e9rmino Hom\u00ednidos se aplicaba \u00fanicamente a los primates b\u00edpedos \u2014como Homo, Australopithecus o Paranthropus\u2014. Sin embargo, la taxonom\u00eda clad\u00edstica, hoy predominante en primatolog\u00eda, incluye dentro de los Hom\u00ednidos tambi\u00e9n a los grandes simios, anteriormente situados en la familia Pongidae. En la literatura cient\u00edfica moderna, los hom\u00ednidos b\u00edpedos se clasifican dentro de la subtribu Hominina.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||10px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hominidos.webp\u00bb alt=\u00bbHominidos\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00bbon\u00bb use_overlay=\u00bbon\u00bb overlay_icon_color=\u00bb#ffcc00&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,204,0,0.2)\u00bb align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb25px||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_code disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbMe gusta\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-20px||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<div class=\"et_social_networks et_social_1col et_social_slide et_social_rectangle et_social_left et_social_withcounts et_social_shortcode_0 et_social_mobile_on et_social_withnetworknames et_social_outer_dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">.et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 li,.et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_circle ul li i.et_social_icon { background: #ff0000; } .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_rounded .et_social_icons_container li:hover, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_rectangle .et_social_icons_container li:hover, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_circle .et_social_icons_container li:hover i.et_social_icon { background: #660000 !important; } .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_icon, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_networks .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_network_label, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_networkname, .et_monarch .et_social_rounded.et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_count, .et_monarch .et_social_rectangle.et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_count { color: #ffffff !important; }<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"et_social_icons_container\"><li class=\"et_social_like\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"et_social_follow\" data-social_name=\"like\" data-social_type=\"like\" data-post_id=\"0\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"et_social_icon et_social_icon_like\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_social_network_label\"><div class=\"et_social_networkname\">Me gusta<\/div><div class=\"et_social_count\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_social_count_label\">Likes<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_social_overlay\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_post_title meta=\u00bboff\u00bb featured_image=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|600||on|||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb35px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb30px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbSubt\u00edtulo\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; header_2_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00bb header_3_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; header_3_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb15px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb header_4_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|hover\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>LA EVOLUCI\u00d3N HUMANA<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbslide\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbright\u00bb sticky_limit_top=\u00bbrow\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00bbrow\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_accordion db_closeable=\u00bbon\u00bb db_initial_state=\u00bball_closed\u00bb open_toggle_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb open_toggle_background_color=\u00bb#660000&#8243; 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_module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb]Hominidae[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_counters bar_bg_color=\u00bb#ffcc00&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb percent_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb percent_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb percent_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb percent_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb15px||15px||true|false\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb19px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb percent_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb percent_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb percent_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][et_pb_counter percent=\u00bb25&#8243; 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button_bg_enable_color__hover=\u00bbon\u00bb][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px||0px||false|false\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbTexto\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; text_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; ul_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; ul_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb ul_line_height=\u00bb1.8em\u00bb background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.7em\u00bb text_line_height_phone=\u00bb1.6em\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb ul_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb ul_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb ul_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb ul_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.7em\u00bb ul_line_height_phone=\u00bb1.6em\u00bb ul_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Los estudios moleculares basados en ADN han demostrado que chimpanc\u00e9s, gorilas y humanos forman un clado estrechamente relacionado, mientras que los orangutanes se sit\u00faan algo m\u00e1s alejados filogen\u00e9ticamente. Exceptuando al orangut\u00e1n \u2014originario de Asia, concretamente de Borneo y Sumatra\u2014, los Hom\u00ednidos actuales (humanos, chimpanc\u00e9s y gorilas) tienen su origen en \u00c1frica, aunque en el caso de Homo sapiens su expansi\u00f3n alcanz\u00f3 todo el planeta. Se han hallado f\u00f3siles de Hom\u00ednidos en Europa, Asia y \u00c1frica datados en el Mioceno, hace unos 20 millones de a\u00f1os. No existe evidencia de hom\u00ednidos nativos de Am\u00e9rica; el \u00fanico simio hom\u00ednido que lleg\u00f3 al continente de forma natural fue Homo sapiens.<\/p>\n<p>Los Hom\u00ednidos son animales \u00e1giles para trepar y poseen una dieta omn\u00edvora. Adem\u00e1s, desarrollan complejas estructuras sociales y muestran comportamientos sexuales que no siempre est\u00e1n vinculados a la reproducci\u00f3n, sino tambi\u00e9n al placer, lo que los distingue de otros grupos animales. Son los primates de mayor tama\u00f1o, con pesos que oscilan entre 48 y 270 kg. En la mayor\u00eda de las especies existe un marcado dimorfismo sexual, con machos m\u00e1s grandes y robustos que las hembras. Presentan diferencias notables respecto al esqueleto de otros primates, especialmente relacionadas con la postura erguida.<\/p>\n<p>Entre las caracter\u00edsticas distintivas de los Hom\u00ednidos se encuentran la adaptaci\u00f3n a la postura vertical, el acortamiento de las extremidades superiores y la evoluci\u00f3n de la mano hacia una mayor precisi\u00f3n funcional. Sus dientes presentan proporciones regulares, sin diastemas, formando un arco parab\u00f3lico corto, con premolares inferiores similares entre s\u00ed y un primer premolar bic\u00faspide. Tambi\u00e9n destaca el incremento progresivo del volumen craneal y la complejidad cerebral, alojado bajo una b\u00f3veda cada vez m\u00e1s elevada. Todos los Hom\u00ednidos poseen cerebros relativamente grandes y complejos, narinas pr\u00f3ximas y orientadas hacia adelante y abajo, y una f\u00f3rmula dental com\u00fan: 2\/2, 1\/1, 2\/2, 3\/3 = 32 piezas.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque los Hom\u00ednidos son omn\u00edvoros, su dieta suele basarse principalmente en frutas y vegetales. En el caso del chimpanc\u00e9, pueden incluir peque\u00f1os invertebrados o incluso mam\u00edferos, aunque esto representa menos del 2 % de su alimentaci\u00f3n. Otra caracter\u00edstica destacada es la complejidad de su comportamiento social, su expresividad facial y su variada vocalizaci\u00f3n. Todos construyen nidos o refugios y dedican largos periodos al cuidado de sus cr\u00edas, con hembras que suelen tener una sola cr\u00eda por gestaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Los Hom\u00ednidos tambi\u00e9n destacan por su notable capacidad de aprendizaje y transmisi\u00f3n cultural. En varias especies se han documentado comportamientos que implican el uso de herramientas, desde palos para extraer termitas hasta piedras empleadas para romper frutos duros. Estas conductas no solo se aprenden por imitaci\u00f3n, sino que pueden transmitirse entre generaciones, lo que sugiere la existencia de tradiciones culturales rudimentarias dentro de los grupos de hom\u00ednidos no humanos.<\/p>\n<p>Otra caracter\u00edstica relevante de los Hom\u00ednidos es su compleja comunicaci\u00f3n emocional. Gorilas, chimpanc\u00e9s y bonobos utilizan una amplia gama de gestos, posturas y vocalizaciones para expresar estados internos como miedo, alegr\u00eda, frustraci\u00f3n o afecto. En algunos casos, estas se\u00f1ales son tan sofisticadas que permiten coordinar actividades grupales, resolver conflictos o reforzar v\u00ednculos sociales, lo que demuestra un alto grado de inteligencia social.<\/p>\n<p>Finalmente, el estudio de los Hom\u00ednidos f\u00f3siles ha permitido reconstruir la historia evolutiva del linaje humano. Cada nuevo hallazgo \u2014desde los primeros australopitecos hasta los representantes m\u00e1s recientes del g\u00e9nero Homo\u2014 aporta informaci\u00f3n crucial sobre c\u00f3mo surgieron el bipedismo, el aumento del cerebro, la fabricaci\u00f3n de herramientas y la expansi\u00f3n global de nuestra especie. La familia Hominidae, por tanto, no solo re\u00fane a los primates m\u00e1s grandes y complejos, sino que constituye la clave para comprender el origen y desarrollo de Homo sapiens.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbPie de P\u00e1gina\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bbon|on|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbPc\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column 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