{"id":7900,"date":"2025-03-20T08:52:47","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T07:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/?p=7900"},"modified":"2026-02-16T11:31:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T10:31:45","slug":"gideon-algernon-mantell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/gideon-algernon-mantell\/","title":{"rendered":"Gideon Algernon Mantell"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbFondo Men\u00fa\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#00ffff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb0px||20px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||true|false\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbIntroducci\u00f3n\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; 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_module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|600||on|||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb70px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||10px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbslide\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb50px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb title_text_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset1&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; header_4_font=\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00bb header_4_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#00ffff\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.4em\u00bb background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb11px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_4_text_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset1&#8243; 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_module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Recibi\u00f3 la prestigiosa Medalla Wollaston en 1835 por sus contribuciones a la geolog\u00eda[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\u00bb\u00c1rea de Trabajo\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Pionero en la descripci\u00f3n de reptiles f\u00f3siles[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\u00bbPrincipal Descubrimiento\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Iguanodon[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_counters bar_bg_color=\u00bb#00ffff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; 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En 1805 comenz\u00f3 como aprendiz de cirujano en su ciudad natal y en 1811 obtuvo su diploma como miembro del Royal College of Surgeons. En 1816 se cas\u00f3 con Mary Ann Woodhouse, abri\u00f3 su propia consulta m\u00e9dica y acept\u00f3 un puesto en el Royal Artillery Hospital de Ringmer, Lewes.<\/p>\n<p>Gideon Algernon Mantell fue un m\u00e9dico incansable: atend\u00eda decenas de pacientes al d\u00eda, llegando a ver sesenta en una sola jornada durante una epidemia de tifus. A pesar de su intensa actividad profesional, dedicaba sus primeras horas de la ma\u00f1ana a su verdadera pasi\u00f3n: la geolog\u00eda. En 1813 public\u00f3 su primer art\u00edculo sobre la geolog\u00eda de los alrededores de Lewes. Inspirado por el descubrimiento de Mary Anning de un gran reptil marino fosilizado \u2014m\u00e1s tarde identificado como un ictiosaurio\u2014, Mantell se volc\u00f3 en el estudio de los f\u00f3siles de su regi\u00f3n, especialmente los del \u00e1rea conocida como The Weald, en Sussex. Estos f\u00f3siles proced\u00edan de pizarras del Cret\u00e1cico tard\u00edo y eran, en su mayor\u00eda, de origen marino.<\/p>\n<p>En 1819, Gideon Algernon Mantell comenz\u00f3 a adquirir f\u00f3siles de una cantera en Whiteman\u2019s Green, cerca de Cuckfield. All\u00ed encontr\u00f3 restos de ecosistemas de agua dulce y terrestre, algo sorprendente en una \u00e9poca en la que todos los f\u00f3siles cret\u00e1cicos conocidos en Inglaterra eran marinos. En 1820 empez\u00f3 a hallar huesos de gran tama\u00f1o, incluso mayores que los descubiertos por William Buckland en Stonesfield, Oxfordshire.<\/p>\n<p>En 1822, poco antes de terminar su libro The Fossils of South Downs, encontr\u00f3 una dentadura f\u00f3sil que no pudo identificar. Algunos historiadores sostienen que fue su esposa quien la descubri\u00f3 durante sus paseos matutinos, ya que ella misma realizaba los grabados para los libros de Mantell. La obra fue muy bien recibida por la sociedad inglesa.<\/p>\n<p>En 1821 public\u00f3 otro libro sobre la geolog\u00eda de Sussex, que fue un \u00e9xito inmediato, con doscientos suscriptores, incluido el rey Jorge IV, quien pidi\u00f3 cuatro ejemplares. Aunque no se sabe c\u00f3mo lleg\u00f3 el libro al monarca, s\u00ed se conoce la respuesta entusiasta de este.<\/p>\n<p>Animado por el reconocimiento, Gideon Algernon Mantell mostr\u00f3 la dentadura f\u00f3sil a varios cient\u00edficos. Muchos afirmaron que pertenec\u00eda a un mam\u00edfero o a un pez. Georges Cuvier, el gran anatomista franc\u00e9s, la identific\u00f3 inicialmente como de rinoceronte. Sin embargo, Charles Lyell inform\u00f3 m\u00e1s tarde que Cuvier hab\u00eda hecho esa identificaci\u00f3n tras una noche de fiesta y que, al d\u00eda siguiente, dudaba de su propia conclusi\u00f3n. Este detalle apenas se difundi\u00f3 en Gran Breta\u00f1a, donde Mantell fue ridiculizado por su \u201cerror\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Decidido a aclarar la situaci\u00f3n, Mantell envi\u00f3 a Cuvier otros huesos hallados en la cantera. Tras examinarlos cuidadosamente, Cuvier admiti\u00f3 que no pertenec\u00edan a ninguna especie conocida y que deb\u00edan corresponder a un reptil de proporciones extraordinarias. Aun as\u00ed, no pudo identificarlo con precisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Convencido de que la dentadura pertenec\u00eda a un animal mesozoico, Gideon Algernon Mantell consult\u00f3 a un anatomista que compar\u00f3 los dientes con los de una iguana de Barbados. Eran id\u00e9nticos, pero veinte veces m\u00e1s grandes. A partir de esta comparaci\u00f3n, Mantell dedujo que el animal deb\u00eda medir unos 18 metros. Lo bautiz\u00f3 como Iguanodon (\u201cdiente de iguana\u201d), y los dibujos iniciales lo representaban como un gigantesco cuadr\u00fapedo herb\u00edvoro con un cuerno nasal, enfrent\u00e1ndose a otras criaturas \u201cantediluvianas\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Investigaciones posteriores demostraron que Iguanodon med\u00eda en realidad unos 9 metros y que el supuesto cuerno era en realidad un espol\u00f3n del pulgar. Aun as\u00ed, la maqueta hist\u00f3rica del Museo de Historia Natural de Londres conserva la forma que Mantell imagin\u00f3, con esos dos errores fundamentales.<\/p>\n<p>Durante a\u00f1os, Gideon Algernon Mantell intent\u00f3 convencer a sus colegas de que los f\u00f3siles eran mesozoicos, apoy\u00e1ndose en el estudio de las capas rocosas. Cuando finalmente se acept\u00f3 su interpretaci\u00f3n, surgi\u00f3 la cuesti\u00f3n del nombre. \u00c9l propuso \u201cIguanosaurio\u201d, pero William Daniel Conybeare sugiri\u00f3 \u201cIguanodon\u201d, para evitar confusiones con la iguana moderna, y ese fue el nombre adoptado.<\/p>\n<p>Con el tiempo, Mantell reuni\u00f3 pruebas de que las extremidades delanteras del Iguanodon eran mucho m\u00e1s cortas que las traseras, lo que indicaba que era un reptil b\u00edpedo. Tambi\u00e9n descubri\u00f3 y nombr\u00f3 Hylaeosaurus, convirti\u00e9ndose en una autoridad en reptiles prehist\u00f3ricos.<\/p>\n<p>En 1833 se traslad\u00f3 a Brighton, donde tuvo problemas con su pr\u00e1ctica m\u00e9dica. El ayuntamiento convirti\u00f3 su casa en museo para evitar su destituci\u00f3n, pero el proyecto fracas\u00f3 debido a que Mantell no gestionaba adecuadamente los ingresos. En 1838 ofreci\u00f3 su colecci\u00f3n al Museo Brit\u00e1nico por 5000 libras; el museo acept\u00f3 comprarla por 4000. Se mud\u00f3 a Clapham Common, donde continu\u00f3 ejerciendo la medicina.<\/p>\n<p>Su vida personal se deterior\u00f3: Mary Mantell se separ\u00f3 de \u00e9l en 1839; su hijo Walter emigr\u00f3 a Nueva Zelanda ese mismo a\u00f1o y su hija Hanna muri\u00f3 en 1840. En 1841 sufri\u00f3 un grave accidente de carruaje que le caus\u00f3 una lesi\u00f3n permanente en la columna. A pesar del dolor constante, Gideon Algernon Mantell sigui\u00f3 investigando, escribiendo libros y publicando art\u00edculos. En 1844 se mud\u00f3 a Pimlico y comenz\u00f3 a tomar opio como analg\u00e9sico.<\/p>\n<p>En 1852 tom\u00f3 una sobredosis de opio que le provoc\u00f3 un coma y muri\u00f3 ese mismo d\u00eda. La autopsia revel\u00f3 que sufr\u00eda escoliosis severa debido al accidente.<\/p>\n<p>Hoy, su antiguo consultorio en Clapham Common es un consultorio dental. En el a\u00f1o 2000 se inaugur\u00f3 un monumento en Whiteman\u2019s Green, Cuckfield, en el lugar donde se descubrieron los primeros f\u00f3siles de Iguanodon. 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Mesozoica&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7913,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontologos-famosos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gideon Algernon Mantell | El Primer F\u00f3sil de un Dinosaurio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Despu\u00e9s un intento en vano, Gideon Algernon Mantell trat\u00f3 de convencer que los f\u00f3siles eran de la era Mesozoica.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" 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