{"id":9487,"date":"2025-11-30T09:31:22","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T08:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/?p=9487"},"modified":"2026-02-21T11:17:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T10:17:01","slug":"trigonotarbida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/trigonotarbida\/","title":{"rendered":"Trigonotarbida"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbFondo Men\u00fa\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb0px||20px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||true|false\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbIntroducci\u00f3n\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; background_enable_color=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb27px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb37px||||false|false\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||10px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_post_title meta=\u00bboff\u00bb featured_image=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|600||on|||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb70px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||10px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbslide\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb50px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb title_text_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset1&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; header_4_font=\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00bb header_4_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; header_4_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.4em\u00bb background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb11px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_4_text_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset1&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb header_4_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|hover\u00bb text_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Petrunkevitch, 1949<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00bb#999999&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbSeparador\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-20px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbslide\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||10px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbTexto\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; text_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.7em\u00bb text_line_height_phone=\u00bb1.6em\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4309 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/margen-huella.png\" alt=\"Trigonotarbida\" width=\"30\" height=\"50\" \/><\/h2>\n<p>Trigonotarbida es un orden extinto de ar\u00e1cnidos cuyo registro f\u00f3sil se extiende desde el final del Sil\u00farico hasta los inicios del P\u00e9rmico, abarcando desde el Pridoli hasta el Sakmariano. Trigonotarbida est\u00e1 representado en numerosas localidades f\u00f3siles de Europa y Norteam\u00e9rica, adem\u00e1s de un registro aislado en Argentina, lo que demuestra que Trigonotarbida tuvo una distribuci\u00f3n amplia en los ecosistemas terrestres paleozoicos. Los miembros de Trigonotarbida recuerdan superficialmente a las ara\u00f1as modernas, aunque carec\u00edan de hileras productoras de seda, lo que los distingue claramente de los araneidos.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||10px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Trigonotarbida.webp\u00bb alt=\u00bbTrigonotarbida\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00bbon\u00bb use_overlay=\u00bbon\u00bb overlay_icon_color=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,102,0,0.2)\u00bb align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb25px||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_code disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbMe gusta\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-20px||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<div class=\"et_social_networks et_social_1col et_social_slide et_social_rectangle et_social_left et_social_withcounts et_social_shortcode_0 et_social_mobile_on et_social_withnetworknames et_social_outer_dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">.et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 li,.et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_circle ul li i.et_social_icon { background: #ff0000; } .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_rounded .et_social_icons_container li:hover, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_rectangle .et_social_icons_container li:hover, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0.et_social_circle .et_social_icons_container li:hover i.et_social_icon { background: #660000 !important; } .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_icon, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_networks .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_network_label, .et_monarch .et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_networkname, .et_monarch .et_social_rounded.et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_count, .et_monarch .et_social_rectangle.et_social_shortcode_0 .et_social_icons_container li:hover .et_social_count { color: #ffffff !important; }<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"et_social_icons_container\"><li class=\"et_social_like\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"et_social_follow\" data-social_name=\"like\" data-social_type=\"like\" data-post_id=\"0\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"et_social_icon et_social_icon_like\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_social_network_label\"><div class=\"et_social_networkname\">Me gusta<\/div><div class=\"et_social_count\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_social_count_label\">Likes<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_social_overlay\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_post_title meta=\u00bboff\u00bb featured_image=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|600||on|||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb35px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb30px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbSubt\u00edtulo\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; header_2_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00bb header_3_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; header_3_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb15px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb header_4_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|hover\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>FAUNA DEL SIL\u00daRICO<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbslide\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbright\u00bb sticky_limit_top=\u00bbrow\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00bbrow\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_accordion db_closeable=\u00bbon\u00bb db_initial_state=\u00bball_closed\u00bb open_toggle_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb open_toggle_background_color=\u00bb#660000&#8243; closed_toggle_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb closed_toggle_background_color=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; toggle_icon=\u00bb&#x50;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb use_icon_font_size=\u00bbon\u00bb icon_font_size=\u00bb25px\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb toggle_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb toggle_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb toggle_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb toggle_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb body_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_color=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb25px||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; toggle_font_size_tablet=\u00bb19px\u00bb toggle_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb toggle_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][et_pb_accordion_item title=\u00bbEra Geol\u00f3gica\u00bb open=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Era: Paleozoica<br \/>\nPeriodo: Sil\u00farico[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\u00bbDescubridor\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Petrunkevitch, 1949[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\u00bbOrigen\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Argentina[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\u00bbGrupo\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb]Invertebrado[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\u00bbFamilia\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb open=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Trigonotarbidae[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_counters bar_bg_color=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb percent_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb percent_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb percent_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb percent_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb15px||15px||true|false\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb19px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb percent_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb percent_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb percent_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][et_pb_counter percent=\u00bb9&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb bar_background_color_default=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; use_percentages=\u00bbon\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]Agresividad[\/et_pb_counter][\/et_pb_counters][et_pb_number_counter title=\u00bbMillones de A\u00f1os\u00bb number=\u00bb420&#8243; percent_sign=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb title_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb title_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb number_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb number_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb number_font_size=\u00bb80px\u00bb number_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb number_line_height=\u00bb100px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; title_font_size_tablet=\u00bb19px\u00bb title_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb title_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb number_font_size_tablet=\u00bb70px\u00bb number_font_size_phone=\u00bb60px\u00bb number_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][\/et_pb_number_counter][et_pb_button button_url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/fauna-silurico\/#volver\u00bb button_text=\u00bbFauna del Sil\u00farico\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb button_bg_color=\u00bb#ff6600&#8243; button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb button_icon=\u00bb&#x24;||divi||400&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb15px||15px||true|false\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb19px\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_icon_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb button_on_hover_phone=\u00bbon\u00bb button_on_hover_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00bbwidth:100%;\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_bg_color__hover=\u00bb#660000&#8243; button_bg_enable_color__hover=\u00bbon\u00bb][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px||||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbzoom\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbTexto\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.5&#8243; text_text_color=\u00bb#444444&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.7em\u00bb text_line_height_phone=\u00bb1.6em\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]El tama\u00f1o de Trigonotarbida variaba desde unos pocos mil\u00edmetros hasta varios cent\u00edmetros de longitud corporal. El abdomen segmentado de Trigonotarbida, o opistosoma, presentaba tergitos dorsales divididos en tres o cinco placas separadas, un rasgo distintivo del orden. Trigonotarbida probablemente viv\u00eda como depredador de peque\u00f1os artr\u00f3podos, y algunas especies tard\u00edas desarrollaron armaduras corporales con espinas y tub\u00e9rculos que les proporcionaban protecci\u00f3n adicional. Actualmente se conocen alrededor de setenta especies de Trigonotarbida, la mayor\u00eda procedentes de yacimientos carbon\u00edferos, especialmente de dep\u00f3sitos de carb\u00f3n donde las condiciones anaer\u00f3bicas favorecieron la preservaci\u00f3n de artr\u00f3podos terrestres.<\/p>\n<p>El primer f\u00f3sil de Trigonotarbida fue descrito en 1837 por el ge\u00f3logo ingl\u00e9s William Buckland, quien encontr\u00f3 un ejemplar en las minas de carb\u00f3n de Coalbrookdale, Inglaterra. Buckland interpret\u00f3 err\u00f3neamente el f\u00f3sil como un escarabajo y lo denomin\u00f3 Curculoides prestvicii. A\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, un ejemplar mucho mejor conservado fue descubierto en Coseley, cerca de Dudley, en la regi\u00f3n de West Midlands. En 1871, Henry Woodward revis\u00f3 el material y reconoci\u00f3 correctamente que se trataba de un ar\u00e1cnido, renombr\u00e1ndolo como Eophrynus prestvicii. El nombre del g\u00e9nero combina el t\u00e9rmino griego eos (\u201camanecer\u201d) con Phrynus, un g\u00e9nero de ara\u00f1as l\u00e1tigo modernas, reflejando la idea de que Trigonotarbida representaba una forma temprana dentro de los ar\u00e1cnidos. Woodward tambi\u00e9n describi\u00f3 Brachypyge carbonis a partir de material de B\u00e9lgica, aunque inicialmente se confundi\u00f3 con restos de un cangrejo debido a su conservaci\u00f3n parcial.<\/p>\n<p>En 1882, el zo\u00f3logo alem\u00e1n Ferdinand Karsch describi\u00f3 varios ar\u00e1cnidos f\u00f3siles procedentes de las minas de carb\u00f3n de Neurode, en Silesia. Entre ellos se encontraba Anthracomartus voelkelianus, nombrado en honor al capataz de la mina. Karsch elev\u00f3 esta especie a un nuevo orden, Anthracomarti, bas\u00e1ndose en caracter\u00edsticas que consider\u00f3 distintivas. El nombre deriva del griego \u00e1ntrax, \u201ccarb\u00f3n\u201d, en referencia al ambiente fosil\u00edfero. Durante este periodo, numerosos f\u00f3siles que m\u00e1s tarde ser\u00edan reconocidos como Trigonotarbida fueron descritos en Europa central. Hanns Bruno Geinitz describi\u00f3 Kreischeria wiedei desde Zwickau, aunque lo interpret\u00f3 como un pseudoescorpi\u00f3n. Johann Ku\u0161ta describi\u00f3 Anthracomartus krejcii en la Rep\u00fablica Checa, y Samuel Hubbard Scudder describi\u00f3 Anthracomartus trilobitus en Arkansas, el primer Trigonotarbida norteamericano.<\/p>\n<p>Los primeros estudios sobre Trigonotarbida tend\u00edan a confundirlos con otros ar\u00e1cnidos, especialmente con los opiliones. Alexander Petrunkevitch, uno de los grandes especialistas en ar\u00e1cnidos f\u00f3siles, dividi\u00f3 Trigonotarbida en dos \u00f3rdenes distintos bas\u00e1ndose en la anchura de la divisi\u00f3n entre prosoma y opistosoma. Clasific\u00f3 Anthracomartida y Haptopoda en la subclase Stethostomata, caracterizada por una amplia separaci\u00f3n corporal y piezas bucales colgantes, mientras que Trigonotarbida fue colocado en la subclase Soluta, definida por una divisi\u00f3n corporal de anchura variable. Este esquema fue ampliamente seguido durante d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n<p>En la d\u00e9cada de 1980, Bill Shear y sus colaboradores realizaron un estudio fundamental sobre Trigonotarbida bas\u00e1ndose en ejemplares excepcionalmente bien conservados del Dev\u00f3nico medio de Gilboa, Nueva York. Cuestionaron la validez de definir grupos enteros por caracteres variables y llevaron a cabo el primer an\u00e1lisis clad\u00edstico que inclu\u00eda ar\u00e1cnidos f\u00f3siles y actuales. Sus resultados demostraron que Trigonotarbida estaba estrechamente relacionado con un grupo de ar\u00e1cnidos que incluye ara\u00f1as, ara\u00f1as l\u00e1tigo, escorpiones l\u00e1tigo y schiz\u00f3midos, un conjunto conocido como Tetrapulmonata. Todos estos grupos, incluido Trigonotarbida, comparten caracter\u00edsticas como dos pares de pulmones en libro y quel\u00edceros con colmillos que funcionan como una navaja plegable. Un estudio de 2007 apoy\u00f3 ampliamente esta hip\u00f3tesis y propuso el clado Pantetrapulmonata, que agrupa Trigonotarbida + Tetrapulmonata. An\u00e1lisis posteriores han confirmado esta relaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>En 1892, Karsch sugiri\u00f3 que los ricinuleidos, un grupo de ar\u00e1cnidos raros y peculiares, podr\u00edan ser los descendientes vivos de Trigonotarbida. Esta idea fue retomada por Jason Dunlop, quien se\u00f1al\u00f3 similitudes notables entre ambos grupos, como la divisi\u00f3n de los tergitos opistos\u00f3micos en placas medianas y laterales y un mecanismo de acoplamiento complejo entre prosoma y opistosoma que bloquea ambas mitades del cuerpo. Aunque los an\u00e1lisis clad\u00edsticos modernos suelen situar a los ricinuleidos cerca de \u00e1caros y garrapatas, el descubrimiento de una peque\u00f1a garra terminal en el pedipalpo tanto de ricinuleidos como de Trigonotarbida ha reavivado la posibilidad de una relaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s estrecha.<\/p>\n<p>El primer an\u00e1lisis clad\u00edstico dedicado exclusivamente a Trigonotarbida se public\u00f3 en 2014. Este estudio recuper\u00f3 como monofil\u00e9ticas a las familias Anthracomartidae, Anthracosironidae y Eophrynidae, mientras que otras como Trigonotarbidae, Aphantomartidae, Palaeocharinidae y Kreischeriidae resultaron polifil\u00e9ticas. Dos clados principales fueron consistentemente recuperados: uno formado por Palaeocharinus + (Archaeomartidae + Anthracomartidae) y otro conocido como el \u201cconjunto eofr\u00ednido\u201d, que incluye Aphantomartus, Alkenia, Pseudokreischeria, Kreischeria, Eophrynus y Pleophrynus.<\/p>\n<p>Trigonotarbida se parece superficialmente a las ara\u00f1as, pero se distingue f\u00e1cilmente por la presencia de tergitos opistos\u00f3micos divididos en placas medianas y laterales, un rasgo compartido \u00fanicamente con los ricinuleidos. Como en otros ar\u00e1cnidos, el cuerpo de Trigonotarbida se divide en prosoma y opistosoma. La longitud corporal var\u00eda desde unos pocos mil\u00edmetros hasta unos cinco cent\u00edmetros. El prosoma est\u00e1 cubierto por un caparaz\u00f3n que siempre presenta un par de ojos medianos. En familias basales como Palaeocharinidae y Anthracomartidae, existe adem\u00e1s un par de tub\u00e9rculos oculares laterales que parecen haber llevado lentes individuales, lo que sugiere que estos grupos estaban reduciendo un antiguo ojo compuesto. El margen anterior del caparaz\u00f3n sobresale formando un cl\u00edpeo.<\/p>\n<p>Los quel\u00edceros de Trigonotarbida son del tipo \u201cnavaja de bolsillo\u201d, con un segmento basal y un colmillo curvado. Son paleogn\u00e1ticos: los colmillos se mantienen paralelos entre s\u00ed, como en ara\u00f1as migalomorfas, pero cuelgan hacia abajo como en las araneomorfas. No hay evidencia de gl\u00e1ndulas venenosas, por lo que Trigonotarbida probablemente no era venenoso. Los f\u00f3siles mejor conservados muestran una boca peque\u00f1a con un labrum y un labium, y un sistema de filtrado interno formado por pelos o plaquetas, lo que indica que Trigonotarbida solo pod\u00eda ingerir presas previamente licuadas mediante digesti\u00f3n externa.<\/p>\n<p>Los pedipalpos de Trigonotarbida siguen el patr\u00f3n t\u00edpico de los ar\u00e1cnidos y no presentan modificaciones especializadas para la transferencia de esperma. En algunas familias, la punta del pedipalpo forma una peque\u00f1a quela, un rasgo compartido con los ricinuleidos. Las patas ambulatorias de Trigonotarbida presentan la estructura t\u00edpica de los ar\u00e1cnidos y terminan en tres garras. En algunos grupos, las patas delanteras son robustas y espinosas, probablemente adaptadas para capturar presas.<\/p>\n<p>El opistosoma de Trigonotarbida es subovalado y consta de doce segmentos, aunque algunos est\u00e1n fusionados o reducidos. El primer tergito est\u00e1 parcialmente cubierto por el caparaz\u00f3n, formando una \u201ccresta de bloqueo\u201d que une prosoma y opistosoma. Los tergitos del segundo al octavo segmento est\u00e1n divididos en tres placas, excepto en Anthracomartidae, donde se dividen en cinco. Los \u00faltimos segmentos forman un pigidio reducido. La parte ventral del opistosoma presenta op\u00e9rculos con pulmones en libro en los segmentos 2 y 3, y esternitos en los segmentos posteriores. Los pulmones en libro de Trigonotarbida muestran l\u00e1minas con trab\u00e9culas, una adaptaci\u00f3n clara a la respiraci\u00f3n a\u00e9rea. En algunas especies se observan sacos ventrales adicionales.<\/p>\n<p>En 2014, se recre\u00f3 digitalmente la locomoci\u00f3n de Trigonotarbida mediante t\u00e9cnicas inform\u00e1ticas. Estudios posteriores sugirieron que Trigonotarbida probablemente caminaba con un patr\u00f3n metacr\u00f3nico, similar al de los \u00e1caros modernos, en lugar de un patr\u00f3n alterno. Investigaciones m\u00e1s recientes han utilizado simulaciones biomec\u00e1nicas para evaluar la eficiencia de distintos patrones de marcha en modelos tridimensionales de Trigonotarbida.<\/p>\n<p>Trigonotarbida, con su mezcla de rasgos primitivos y derivados, su importancia en la evoluci\u00f3n temprana de los ar\u00e1cnidos terrestres y su abundante registro f\u00f3sil, constituye uno de los grupos m\u00e1s fascinantes del Paleozoico continental.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00bb#999999&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbSeparador\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbApartados\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb 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a\u00f1os. y acab\u00f3 hace unos 251 millones de a\u00f1os.[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/clientes.munecarusa.com\/mp\/era-paleozoica\/\u00bb button_text=\u00bbLeer M\u00e1s&#8230;\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb button_bg_color=\u00bb#006633&#8243; button_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb button_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb button_icon=\u00bb&#x24;||divi||400&#8243; button_icon_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb|||45px|false|false\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb14px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb box_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset3&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_bg_color__hover=\u00bb#660000&#8243; 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